percebo pouco da fiscalidade, mas o meu copiloto diz-me que este tema devia ser discutido noutro tópico
eu acho só esquisito preferir não fazer mais-valias por ter de pagar 28% ao Estado, em vez de ganhar os restantes 72%.
e nem sequer parece que PT esteja assim tão fora da norma europeia.
According to the European Parliament's 2025 study (1):
Financial services are generally VAT-exempt, which results in lighter taxation compared to other sectors.
Financial Transaction Taxes (FTTs) exist in several EU countries, but vary widely in scope and rates. They contribute modestly to tax revenue and don't significantly distort markets.
Bank levies (on assets, liabilities, or capital) are applied in some countries, often introduced post-2008 crisis. Their effectiveness is mixed, and banks often pass the cost to customers.
Corporate Income Tax (CIT) rates are mostly uniform across sectors, with few exceptions applying higher rates to financial institutions.
Country-Level Taxation Overview (Selected Examples) (2)
Nordic CountriesDenmark: CGT & Dividend Tax: 27–42% (based on income); No wealth tax; Exit tax applies.
Finland: CGT & Dividend Tax: 30–34%; No wealth tax; Exit tax applies if investments > €500k.
Sweden: CGT & Dividend Tax: 30%; ISK accounts offer alternative taxation; Exit tax applies for 10 years.
Norway: CGT & Dividend Tax: 37.84%; Wealth tax: 1.1% above ~€1.7M; Exit tax applies.
Western EuropeBelgium: CGT: 0% for passive investors, 33% for active; Dividend Tax: 30%; No wealth or exit tax.
France: CGT: 30–35%; Dividend Tax: ~30%; Wealth Tax: 0.5–1.5% (real estate); Exit tax applies.
Germany: CGT & Dividend Tax: ~27–28%; No wealth or exit tax.
Ireland: CGT: 33%; Dividend Tax: up to 51%; No wealth tax; Exit tax: 12.5% on unrealized gains.
Central EuropeAustria: CGT & Dividend Tax: 27.5%; No wealth tax; Exit tax applies.
Czech Republic: CGT: 0% if held >3 years; Dividend Tax: 15%; No wealth or exit tax.
Hungary: CGT & Dividend Tax: 15%; TBSZ accounts reduce CGT over time; No wealth or exit tax.
Poland: CGT & Dividend Tax: 19%; Exit tax applies on gains > ~€930k.
Southern Europe
Italy: CGT & Dividend Tax: 26%; Wealth tax on foreign assets; No exit tax.
Portugal: CGT & Dividend Tax: 28%; Wealth tax on real estate > €600k; Exit tax applies.
Spain: CGT: 19–26%; Dividend Tax: 19–23%; Wealth Tax: 0.3–3.5% (regional variation); Exit tax applies.
Low-Tax JurisdictionsLuxembourg: CGT: 0% if held >6 months; Dividend Tax: 0–15%; No wealth or clear exit tax.
Netherlands: CGT: 0%; Dividend Tax: 0–15%; Wealth Tax: ~2% on assumed gains; No exit tax.
Switzerland: CGT: 0%; Dividend Tax: 35%; Wealth Tax varies by canton; No exit tax.
Malta: CGT & Dividend Tax: 15%; No wealth or exit tax.
(1)
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2025/772638/ECTI_STU%282025%29772638_EN.pdf(2)
https://citizenx.com/insights/europe-taxes/