ECB lends banks $502BNearly 400 banks take up central bank's offer to supply year-end funding; money market rates ease.FRANKFURT, Germany (Dow Jones/AP) -- The European Central Bank has let loose a torrent of cash to give banks in the euro zone access to more money as the rest of the year winds down, with nearly 400 of them seeking some of it.
The move, though unexpected, was welcomed, and helped force short money markets to fall.
In a statement Tuesday, the bank, which oversees monetary policy among the 13 nations that use the euro, said it allocated €348.6 billion ($501.74 billion) in its main refinancing operation, a process that also boasts a duration of 16 days, meaning it will not mature until Jan. 4.
The bank said the lowest, or marginal bid, rate that it accepted was 4.21 percent, matching the weighted average allotment.
The ECB also said that 390 banks and financial institutes submitted bids totaling €377.1 billion ($542.76 billion) at rates of between 4 percent and 4.45 percent.
That maximum bid rate left analysts puzzled over the rationale of institutions bidding at that level given the bank's announcement Monday. It pledged to satisfy all bids at or above 4.21 percent - the weighted average allotment rate of the main refinancing operation that settled on Dec. 12 - at the main refinancing tender Tuesday, to smooth out continued heavy demand for liquidity in the euro-zone banking system.
"It's a huge amount, really significant...but liquidity needs are also significant," Nathalie Fillet, a strategist at BNP Paribas in London told Dow Jones Newswires. "It will have the most impact for rates between two weeks and one month."
Two-week rates were trading around 4.20 percent to 4.35 percent in the afternoon, while one-month rates had come down to 4.44 percent to 4.56 percent from levels around 4.88 percent to 4.93 percent earlier in the day.
The size of Tuesday's tender was more than the €180.5 billion ($259.79 billion) allotment, or what the ECB estimates how much money banks will need to conduct business as normal.
"The ECB is doing a lot to solve the problems in the money market," said Allan von Mehren, chief analyst at Danske Bank in Copenhagen. "The thing is that there's a lot of money at the banks but everybody wants to be 100 percent sure that they have enough money."
Separately, the ECB said Tuesday that €2.43 billion (US$3.5 billion) was borrowed via its one-day marginal lending facility Monday. Banks use this last-resort facility at a rate of 5 percent, significantly higher than overnight money market rates at around 3.69 percent to 3.81 percent.
Also on Tuesday, the Bank of England said it would offer additional reserves to lenders as part of the global attempt to tackle the deepening credit crisis.
The BoE, the U.S. Federal Reserve, the ECB, the Bank of Canada and the Swiss National Bank unveiled a coordinated plan last week to ease an impending new year freeze in wholesale money markets.
Each of the banks said they will pump additional reserves into their respective systems to help free up credit.
On Monday, the U.S. Federal Reserve made $20 billion available in one-month loans, although the participating banks were not named.