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O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

Espaço dedicado a todo o tipo de troca de impressões sobre os mercados financeiros e ao que possa condicionar o desempenho dos mesmos.

Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por JohnyRobaz » 31/10/2018 2:07

Artista Romeno Escreveu:
JohnyRobaz Escreveu:Caro Artista, com estas quedas brutais nas cotações de algumas tecnológicas americanas, já consideras alguma a preço apetecível? 8-)

Cumps

E com pena minha mas nao te posso responder em cotadas com um perfil tao grande por conflito de interesses. Cotadas do psi nao trabalho ou nem virei a trabalhar com nenhuma agora faang nao posso desculpa


Tranquilo!

Cumps
“E assim como sonho, raciocino se quero, porque isso é apenas uma outra espécie de sonho.”, Fernando Pessoa
“Nothing good ever comes of love. What comes of love is always something better” , Roberto Bolaño
"A ciência e o poder do homem coincidem, uma vez que, sendo a causa ignorada, frustra-se o efeito. Pois a natureza não se vence, senão quando se lhe obedece." Francis Bacon
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Artista Romeno » 30/10/2018 13:58

JohnyRobaz Escreveu:Caro Artista, com estas quedas brutais nas cotações de algumas tecnológicas americanas, já consideras alguma a preço apetecível? 8-)

Cumps

E com pena minha mas nao te posso responder em cotadas com um perfil tao grande por conflito de interesses. Cotadas do psi nao trabalho ou nem virei a trabalhar com nenhuma agora faang nao posso desculpa
As opiniões expressas baseiam-se essencialmente em análise fundamental, e na relação entre o valor de mercado dos ativos e as suas perspectivas futuras de negocio, como tal traduzem uma interpretação pessoal da realidade,devendo como tal apenas serem consideradas como uma perspetiva meramente informativa sobre os ativos em questão, não se constituindo como sugestões firmes de investimento
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por JohnyRobaz » 30/10/2018 1:43

Caro Artista, com estas quedas brutais nas cotações de algumas tecnológicas americanas, já consideras alguma a preço apetecível? 8-)

Cumps
“E assim como sonho, raciocino se quero, porque isso é apenas uma outra espécie de sonho.”, Fernando Pessoa
“Nothing good ever comes of love. What comes of love is always something better” , Roberto Bolaño
"A ciência e o poder do homem coincidem, uma vez que, sendo a causa ignorada, frustra-se o efeito. Pois a natureza não se vence, senão quando se lhe obedece." Francis Bacon
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Artista Romeno » 29/10/2018 20:47

A monthly view do CIO da UBS está bastante atual e por isso vou partilhar https://www.ubs.com/global/en/wealth-ma ... nthly.html
destaco este excerto"Central bank balance sheets are peaking as stimulus is withdrawn amid strong economic data, and this month’s bond sell-off pushed real 10-year US yields to 1.03%, a seven-year high, while US cash rates are on track to be close to 3% by the end of next year. The existence of lower-volatility alternatives to equities with positive real returns is now leading some investors to question whether stock market volatility is still worth enduring. These concerns came to a head in the recent equity sell-off, which included the worst week for global markets since February."
As opiniões expressas baseiam-se essencialmente em análise fundamental, e na relação entre o valor de mercado dos ativos e as suas perspectivas futuras de negocio, como tal traduzem uma interpretação pessoal da realidade,devendo como tal apenas serem consideradas como uma perspetiva meramente informativa sobre os ativos em questão, não se constituindo como sugestões firmes de investimento
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Artista Romeno » 18/10/2018 23:00

faz uns mesitos que nada posto por aqui :shock:
se é verdade que ainda creio neste bull por agora penso que é interessante ir lendo coisas, os ultimos livros de howard marks e ray dalio assim como este report do bpi https://www.bancobpi.pt/nocachecontent/ ... CM01072870
na minha perspetiva os sinais de uma fase já mais adiantada no ciclo estão aí, expectativas de margens empresariais nos EUA terem tocado topo, um mercado de emprego ainda que as estatisticas oficiais sejam eventualmente muito otimistas excluindo pessoas já no pleno emprego, com pressões inflacionistas que vão levar as taxas de juro muito provavelmente a subir mais. Sendo neste ponto preocupante a falta de inclinação da yield curve, se bem que a mesma pode ser explicada pela procura por fundos pensões em maturidades mais longas.
Na china existe muita divida não financeira e a bloomberg fala em 6 tri de divida local ocultahttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/ar ... anic-risks
O apetite por risco está aí a UBER só perde dinehiro e financia-se a 8% numa operação opaca mas dizem que vale 120 bi. Faz 10 anos sobre o ultimo grande bear global penso ser util começar a estudar atentamente a historia e ter alguma obvia cautela. Nota-se uma evidente euforia a cheirar a ultimos cartuchos ou perto disso. Muitos podem me chamar doido mas nos proximos tempos vai haver muito génio na bolsa, mas e quando vier a ressaca como será? Argumentos como este que li hoje num artigo da também bloomberg""Netflix’s scale and rapidly growing earnings will be attractive to bond investors, the CreditSights analysts wrote. “While continued free cash flow burn north of $3 billion annually is not the type of metric credit analysts like to see, rapid Ebitda growth delevers the business fairly quickly; it also helps maintain a healthy interest coverage ratio.”" fazem claramente lembrar 1998 1999 assim como os justificados para avaliar certas empresas quem não se lembra da AOL da oliveti opar a telecom italia? da terra? ou da palm ou da 3com? Eu não posso lembrar pois era menor de idade! apenas li sobre as mesmas.... vejam bem se agora alguns dos argumentos não são parecidos em certos titulos?
Há valor nas tecnologicas? Por oposição há 20 anos atrás creio que sim APPLE, FB, MSFT, BABA são empresas solidas que são bem geridas, mas neste mercado cheira claramente já a algum fim de festa as declarações do tipo da farfetch da contabilidade ser do seculo XIX ainda o vão perseguir mais cedo ou tarde :mrgreen:
Bottom line vejo como possivel dentro deste bull as yields do tesouro americano ainda poderem ir perfeitamente a 4 ou 5 por cento mas também creio ser razoavel que nos encontremos a 3/4 do seu fim!
As opiniões expressas baseiam-se essencialmente em análise fundamental, e na relação entre o valor de mercado dos ativos e as suas perspectivas futuras de negocio, como tal traduzem uma interpretação pessoal da realidade,devendo como tal apenas serem consideradas como uma perspetiva meramente informativa sobre os ativos em questão, não se constituindo como sugestões firmes de investimento
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Zuckerman » 7/10/2018 18:55

Partilho uma carta aos acionistas de Robert Vinall.

É algo extensa mas de leitura fácil e cativante. Ao nível das leituras que fiz este ano, foi diretamente para o p´ódio das minhas preferidas. Espero que gostem tanto quanto eu.

The Aha Moment

Recently, I was asked by a fellow value investor when I had my “Aha Moment”.

I thought it was a great question and a good place to start a memo at the 10th anniversary of the Business Owner Fund.

In my case, the logic of value investing – a share is a part ownership in a business, the metaphor of Mr Market, and the concept of Margin of Safety – hit me like a bolt of lightning as opposed to slowly dawning on me. The question implies it is the same for all value investors. I suspect that is true.

Lightning struck in my case one morning in the early 2000s in a nondescript office in one of the skyscraper’s punctuating Frankfurt’s skyline. At the time, I was a telecom’s analyst at DZ Bank. In the debris of the Dot Com crash, I had started tentatively investing in companies listed on the Neuer Markt (Germany’s now-defunct Nasdaq clone) in collaboration with my two roommates, Vidar Kalvoy and Wolfgang Specht. The former Neuer Markt darlings had fallen so much in value that many were trading at discounts to the net cash they carried on their balance sheets.

On this morning, Vidar came bouncing into our office excitedly carrying Benjamin Graham’s “The Intelligent Investor”. He opened the book at Chapter 5 of the first (and best) edition, in which Graham describes the speculative boom in new issues that preceded the Great Crash of 1929, then read out the following sentence:

“Some of these issues may prove excellent buys – a few years later, when nobody wants them and they can be had at a small fraction of their true worth.”

This sentence blew me away. I was amazed that a book written over 50 years earlier, prior even to the mass adoption of the telephone, could so precisely describe what I was seeing in the Internet economy of the new millennium. I was hooked on value investing and have been ever since. It is not an exaggeration to say this one sentence changed my life.

The prospect of the ten-year anniversary of Business Owner prompted me to think about how I have developed since those first forays into investing after the Dot Com crash. I see three main phases, though there is, of course, a certain overlap between them.

Phase 1: The Great Price Stage

The first was a quantitative, almost mechanistic, phase in those early years. I bought shares in companies based on the discount to the net cash and other liquid assets they carried on their balance sheets. Share prices were rock-bottom, so there was no shortage of this type of opportunity.

There was nothing wrong with this approach while the opportunities lasted, and it produced excellent results. However, when the panic subsided a year or so later and I looked back on how my investments had done, I noticed a funny thing.

Although the discount to liquidation value had disappeared in virtually all cases, the dispersion in investment outcomes was huge. Where the company had little in the way of a viable business model, the share price only converged, could only converge, to the net asset value. Where the company had a decent business, the share price expanded significantly beyond the asset value. As operating earnings recovered, the market attached a value to the operating business in addition to the net cash. In the former case the companies’ share prices rarely did better than double and it one case, sadly, end up at zero as it turned out that the company in question had overstated the value of its inventory. In the latter case, the companies’ share prices went up many times over.

Oddly enough, I preferred the multi-baggers to the doubles/zero, so I tried to figure out what I should do differently to identify the multi-baggers a priori. It turned out the size of the discount to asset value made virtually no difference at all.

Phase 2: The Great Business Stage

What did make a difference was how good the business was. This realisation ushered in the second phase where I paid far greater attention to building an understanding of a company’s business and competitive advantage in addition to simply looking for a large discount to asset value or a low earnings’ multiple.

It helped that in 2004 I moved from Frankfurt to Switzerland to work for a fund that followed an activist strategy of buying large stakes in listed companies and looking to shake them up. As these stakes were, by definition, illiquid, any new investment was preceded by months of detailed analysis of the company and its market. It had to be as if we missed something it was likely to be impossible to sell the stake, at least not without realising a substantial loss. This was a great apprenticeship, and I am grateful to my former colleagues, Peter Wick, in particular, for what I learnt at this time.

Reading the investing classics also played an important role. In order of importance, the ones with the greatest impact were: Warren Buffett’s letters, Philip Fisher’s “Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits,” and Michael Porter’s “Competitive Advantage”.

Phase 3: The Great Manager Stage

In the third phase, I started paying more attention to the character of the people in addition to the business and the price.

This stage took me by far the longest to complete.

The journey began in the Autumn of 2006. I had started RV Capital in August, and, whilst it was always my ambition to run a fund, I did not have enough capital to launch one. Instead, I offered business analysis to hedge funds, companies and family offices – basically anyone. I was hustling to secure my independence. My first client was Norman Rentrop, a publisher and value investor in Bonn. We struck a deal that I would put together a portfolio of investment ideas, jointly decide which ones to invest in, and share any profits. That Autumn, we sat down together to discuss my best ideas.

One company immediately caught Norman’s eye as its largest shareholder was well known in the region…as a crook. I was mortified that I made such a poor recommendation to the first client of my fledgling business. Worse, it was not so much the result of an oversight as that I had not even thought to investigate the people.

Safe to say, the experience left such a strong impression that an assessment of people became one of the first steps of my research process thereafter. In fact, when my fund started two years later, I called it Business Owner, reflecting not only that I saw myself as a part owner of the businesses I invested in, but that I sought to align myself with companies that had long-term and rational owners, ideally the manager.

The journey was nowhere near complete though.

After Business Owner started, I had a strong appreciation for the managers I invested in, but they were not central to my investment hypotheses. My goal was primarily to avoid the bad guys. Having satisfied myself this was the case, price and business quality drove the investment decision.

I only changed my mind on this several years later when I, again, noticed a funny thing when I looked back on past investments.

Fortunately, most of my investments had worked out reasonably well – by focussing on business quality I avoided the complete investment disasters that occasionally marred my earlier investing career – but a handful of my investments had worked out spectacularly well. When I dived deeper into why, I saw that it was generally due to factors that I had not specifically forecast at the initiation of the investment, such as an opportunistic acquisition, a product launch, or a new market. It became clear to me that no matter how deeply I studied a company, ultimately, I only saw the tip of the iceberg. The prime determinant of an investment outcome was below the waterline, out of sight.

As someone who prided himself on being a thorough and diligent analyst, it was a painful and humbling realisation that my company analyses may, in fact, not be all that good. But it freed me to recognise a far more important truth:

If the key determinant of an investment outcome is what I do not see, the most important thing is to invest in managers I trust.

I have found time and again that the surprises with managers I trust are generally positive, whereas those with managers I do not are nearly always negative.

Today, I only feel motivated to do the hard miles and build an understanding of an investment case if I get a visceral sense that the company’s manager is someone I could deeply admire. Invariably, this is someone for the whom the company constitutes his or her life’s work or has the potential to be.

I described why I think people are the key factor in my 2015 letter and held a talk on the same topic at Bob Miles’ Value Investing Conference in Omaha in 2017.

Geographic Expansion of Investment Universe

Parallel to developing my thinking on how to invest, I was also developing my thinking on where to invest.

My first investments were in the Neuer Markt, i.e. in a specific segment of a specific country. After I moved to Switzerland, I became a generalist with a brief to find investment opportunities in any sector, but still within Germany, a single country. When I started RV Capital in 2006, I continued to focus on the German-speaking countries. Thus, when I started Business Owner in 2008, most companies I had ever analysed were smaller caps from Germany and to a less extent Switzerland and Austria. Logically enough, the portfolio at inception was made up of companies from this universe. The perception and, for that matter, the reality was that I was a German small-cap specialist.

Right from the get-go though, it was my intention to invest anywhere. This was partly because I was curious about what was happening in the broader world; partly because I thought I would have to move beyond Germany’s borders at some point if I wanted to continue to learn; and partly because, as a fully paid-up generalist, I thought, the broader my universe, the more insightful my company analysis would be. Accordingly, my first fact sheet in October 2009 contained the following sentence:

“The fund invests worldwide in order to maximize the opportunity set.”

However, out of the top 10 companies in the portfolio that October, just one – a 3% position in American Express – was outside the German-speaking countries.

A few years later, Georg Stolberg – one of my earlier investors and not one to hold back a critical opinion – complained that I was saying one thing and doing another. Wounded, I made the following radical change to the factsheet:

“The fund can invest worldwide to maximize the opportunity set.”

The reality is that, whilst I always intended to invest globally, it takes time to build up a mental database of companies. I set about doing just that. I travelled extensively in the US (yielding several investments); made my first trip to India in 2008 (described in my 2009 letter, yet to yield an investment); my first trip to China in 2012 (described in my 2012 letter, yielding an investment in Baidu); and have visited at least one new country a year. Today, just one investment in the fund is in Germany with the remainder of the portfolio coming from as far-flung places as New Zealand and South Africa.

It’s time to resurrect the original version of the fact sheet.

The increasingly diverse nature of the portfolio no doubt raised eyebrows. Some people probably thought I had completely left the reservation when I invested in Baidu, a Chinese Internet company, in 2012. I understand the scepticism as, after all, where is the “edge” of a German small-cap specialist in a country as big and “foreign” as China?

The edge is the ability to compare opportunities in the Chinese Internet with, say, old economy companies in Germany. Successful investing is ultimately about calculating opportunity cost, i.e. weighing one opportunity against another. The more diverse the set of opportunities, the easier it is to spot disparities.

The drawback with this approach is that a sector specialist at a large firm can analyse a higher number of opportunities in the Chinese Internet than I, a generalist, could.

So, which is better: “Narrow then Broad” or “Broad then Narrow”?

As always with investing, the road less travelled is likely to be the more lucrative one. Large teams and specialisation are the rule in the asset management industry whereas the one-man show is the exception. Even if the one-man show were to become the norm tomorrow, or at least more prevalent, I have a ten-year head-start in building out my mental database. I intend to maintain the lead.

Business Owner and the Financial Crisis

The Business Owner Fund started on 30 September 2008, two weeks after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. It was near the peak of the Financial Crisis although share prices would not bottom until March of the following year. This could not be known at the time.

I am sometimes asked whether it was difficult to invest in this period – after all, in October, my first month as a proud manager of a new fund, the fund was down 8% – a monthly loss that many seasoned fund managers probably had not recorded in their entire careers up until that point!

The truth is that I found this period the simplest of the last 10 years. I was a fully paid-up value investor by this point and had deeply understood and internalised Ben Graham’s metaphor of the stock market as “Mr Market,” a manic-depressive who buys and sells wildly based on his mood swings.

Mass panic-selling is anticipated by the value investing philosophy and fitted my understanding of the world perfectly. Experiencing the Dot Com crash almost ten years prior no doubt helped as well. What made less sense to me was why other value investors seemed so disorientated. To be clear, I did not understand what was happening at a macro level any better than the next person, but I was pretty sure nobody else did either. As such, it was clear that share prices were being moved by dark thoughts and fear as opposed to sober analysis. In any case, if the world really was going to end, as many people thought, what was there to lose by buying a few shares?

When the dust settled after the Financial Crisis, it became increasingly clear that changes were afoot in the global economy that were far more structural and longer-lasting in nature than the Financial Crisis. In contrast to the panic around the Financial Crisis, a big one-time, structural change in the economy is not well anticipated by the value investing philosophy. Value investing advocates staying within your circle of competence, as opposed to embracing the new. As a result, these changes left me feeling disorientated and in denial. Whereas in the financial crisis, my understanding of the world was better adapted to reality than the layperson’s, now the tables were turned.

The changes I am referring to are, of course, those wrought by the Internet.

Expansion of Investment Universe into “Tech”

Grasping the opportunities and risks catalysed by the Internet, and more pertinently, converting those insights into investment actions was the single most difficult transition I made as an investor over the last ten years.

To the layperson, this most likely sounds absurd. Bill Gates wrote his famous memo “The Internet Tidal Wave” in 1995. By the late 90s, I was regularly and enthusiastically shopping on Amazon. Google had its IPO in 2004. Hindsight is a wonderful thing, but by the start of the second decade of the new Millennium, the idea that the Internet was re-ordering the economy was not – how should I put it? –a Nobel-Prize-Worthy insight.

So why did I struggle so much? The companies that were driving this revolution and its key beneficiaries were what are described, in my view inaccurately, as “Tech” companies (I will come back to why this term is a mischaracterization). “Tech” has historically been a sector that value investors perceived as out-of-bounds, off-piste, or in value investing speak “outside the circle of competence”. In Chapter 6 of “The Intelligent Investor,” Ben Graham writes sceptically about “growth companies” and investor’s “judgement as to the future”. Warren Buffett built his unparalleled track record by investing in simple, unchanging businesses and eschewing Tech stocks until recently. His approach was most spectacularly vindicated when he dodged the Dot Com debacle.

In fact, I consider the above to be an unfair characterisation of both Graham and Buffett. As an investor, you can only invest in the world as it is. Graham was aware of the benefits of a growing company, as a quote from the same chapter shows:

“The stock of a growing company, if purchasable at a suitable price, is obviously preferable to others.” (My emphasis)

It just so happened, he found better opportunities elsewhere. Similarly, Buffett’s capital allocation decisions in the 90s, including avoiding Internet companies, were spot-on.

Irrespective of what Graham and Buffett did or did not think, my perception, in fact, the perception was that “Tech” stocks were outside of a value investor’s circle of competence. Battling with this conviction was the growing body of empirical evidence that the older companies on the receiving end of the disruptive forces unleashed by the Internet were increasingly looking like roadkill. The disruptors, by contrast, had spectacular unit economics and virtually unlimited runways for growth.

I finally woke up and smelt the coffee in 2012, four years after the start of Business Owner, when I bought Google and shortly afterwards Baidu. By year-end 2013, my “Tech” allocation through these two companies was 21% of the fund.

Today, Google and “the FAANG trade” are viewed, perhaps fairly, as the ultimate consensus trade. As I hope this narrative shows, my decision to buy Google in 2012 felt like a rebellion. Buying a mega-cap, US “Tech” company was not the script a “German small-cap specialist” was supposed to follow.

Although I am proud of the decision to buy Google – not because of the subsequent return, but because of the philosophical shift it heralded – the truth is I did not go far enough. I should have had a higher allocation to “Tech” and I should have ventured beyond a blue chip like Google towards some of the second-line Internet companies. I salivate to think what Business Owner’s performance would have been if I had directed my search for passionate entrepreneurs to the tech sector from 2012 onwards. It would have surfaced exactly the right opportunities. I know hindsight is a fine thing, but I repeat: that the Internet was giving rise to wonderful new businesses was not a controversial idea by then. I could have and should have done better.

It is a trivial error, but I think the single biggest reason that I did not have a far higher allocation to the Internet was one of nomenclature. “Tech” was the wrong term to describe companies such as Amazon, which was disrupting retail, Facebook, which was disrupting media, and the hundreds of smaller companies disrupting their own respective markets. The problem with the term is that it creates the impression that these companies are somehow one part of the economy, separate to the rest, whereas, in fact, they were becoming the fabric of the economy as a whole.

The error of nomenclature had the consequence that I dared not go beyond a 21% allocation. I did not want to be overexposed to a single “sector,” a sentiment reinforced by the fact that the “Tech” has the connotation of risky and exotic.

A more productive way to think about “Tech” businesses is as “viable” businesses. Yes, this is also a mischaracterisation – not every business started prior to the Internet age is unviable, nor is every Internet-age business immune to disruption – but it is a nudge to be more open to them and removes the idea that they are just one segment of the economy, that can be easily dismissed as “too difficult”. Who would not want to invest in viable as opposed to unviable businesses?

The error of nomenclature was not the only one that held me back from going all-in on the opportunities catalysed by the Internet. I was too hung up on paying a lowish multiple for a business (a hangover from my earliest days as a net cash investor). Most of the best businesses had little in the way of current earnings as their investments ran through the income statement in the form of R&D and customer acquisition cost. This made them appear expensive when they were, in fact, anything but. I describe my shift away from “low multiple orthodoxy” in my H1 2015 letter.

I was also too focused on the width of the moat – why wouldn’t I be as I was only investing in “unchanging businesses”? – and not sufficiently focussed on whether the moat was growing. After all, in an eternal race to earn economic profits, the relative speed of the competitors is more important than the distance between them. I wrote extensively about the importance of the direction rather than the width of a moat in my 2016 letter in a section titled “Moat vs. Innovation”.

#1 Most Significant Investment

I am fortunate to have had several successful investments over the last 10 years. My definition of significant goes beyond a simple calculation of the financial return though, although it, of course, includes that. A significant investment is one that helped me become a better investor.

The most significant investment from both a financial and educational perspective is Grenke, our small-ticket IT leasing company. Grenke has been in the portfolio since day one and constituted 32% of the portfolio at inception. I wonder how many other funds had a third of their portfolio in a financial company two weeks after Lehman’s collapse.

Grenke is significant in financial terms. Excluding dividends, the share price is up almost 15x. This is only part of the story though. Like all contrarians, I felt drawn to financials during the financial crisis as they were in the eye of the storm. Fortunately, I was so enthusiastic about Grenke that I never considered for a moment investing in a bank or insurance company, many of which turned out to be value traps. A full calculation of the financial return should include losses avoided as well as profits earned.

More important than the financial return were the lessons Grenke taught me or reinforced. It strengthened my conviction that it is better to put a large part of the fund’s capital in a single company I know well rather than several companies I know less well, supposedly to lower risk in the name of diversification. Most importantly, Grenke served as a template for future investments. It has a passionate entrepreneur, an obvious competitive advantage, a huge market opportunity, and a willingness to make the investments necessary to realise it. Whenever I have ventured into a new country I have simply looked for companies that remind of Grenke – not in terms of business model, but in terms of these attributes. Whenever I found one, I immediately felt at home.

#2 Most Significant Investment

The second most significant investment is Google, described in my 2012 letter. Google broadened my horizons towards the companies which are driving economic growth and will constitute the bulk of the global economy in the future. It’s impossible to imagine any investment strategy that will work in the long-term that ignores them.

#3 Most Significant Investment

The third most significant investment is Credit Acceptance, our subprime auto lending company described in my 2014 letter. To use boxing terminology: pound-for-pound, it is the greatest company I have so far come across. There are better businesses than Credit Acceptance – Google, for one – but what makes it so exceptional is how unpromising the market is. Auto lending is intensely competitive with thousands of players. There is apparently little opportunity for differentiation. Auto Dealers, its customers, are untrusting, skilled at negotiating, and highly motivated.

Out of an almost impossible situation, Credit Acceptance has built a profitable and growing business by convincing dealers to forego profits today to get a cheque several years in the future. Better still, Credit Acceptance has built the business in a way that aligns the interests of the car buyer, the dealer and itself, the lender. Everyone wins.

Credit Acceptance also has one of the strongest cultures and most thoughtful leaders I have come across (the two are connected). Learning about its culture through my discussions with Brett and his colleagues was one of the highlights of the last ten years.

Hall of Shame

Halls of shame are generally associated with poor purchase decisions. Whilst I had my fair share of disasters prior to the start of the fund, the last 10 years have been blissfully disaster-free, a state of affairs that will not persist forever.

The absence of disaster is perhaps due to me becoming a more accomplished investor, but above all, it is a result of having the responsibility of managing other people’s money. It instils a far higher sense of duty in me than managing just my own money.

The absence of disaster is also a function of having a concentrated strategy. In a diversified portfolio, it is a legitimate strategy to put part of the capital in companies that have a similar probability of going to zero as to going up 10x. The occasional zero is part of the calculation. Such a bet is inappropriate to a concentrated portfolio as there may not be enough iterations to allow the statistical probabilities to play out.

When I think of mistakes, there are of course those of omission, but they are too numerous to list here, and in any case, it is difficult to say at which point enough work has been performed on an idea for it to qualify as a mistake of omission as opposed to simply a missed opportunity.

The topic of mistakes calls to mind, principally, my sell decisions. Some of these were truly awful. To pick just two, Hermle, a wonderful machine builder in Southern Germany is up 6x since I first sold. Bechtle, an IT Systems House, also in Southern Germany, is up almost 3x. Both have also paid dividends, in the case of Hermle more than my initial capital outlay. I love both companies and miss not being a part owner. Oh yes – and there is WashTec. It is up 7x from when I first sold, thanks, in no small part, to the heroic efforts of my friend Jens Grosse-Allermann.

Not all sell decisions were poor. I correctly spotted flaws in my initial investment hypotheses in companies such as Hornbach, Novo Nordisk, Hawesko and Baidu and am glad I acted decisively as soon as that became clear. Furthermore, if I had never sold anything, it would not have been possible to make investments in companies such as Google and Credit Acceptance that helped me become a better investor.

Every company that has ever been part of Business Owner continues to do reasonably well and, in some cases, spectacularly well. If companies fell off a cliff or the CEO absconded with the cash after I sold them, it would not affect the financial returns of the fund, but it would give me pause as to whether I really knew what I was doing.

The single most critical question I receive from my investors at my annual investor meeting and elsewhere is whether I should not be more open to selling, especially when the multiple expands to a point that no longer seems consistent with a value investment.

If I look back on my sell decisions, I am forced to conclude that I have not always lived up to the standard of a long-term owner that I set myself, at least in the cases of Hermle and Bechtle. My admonitions to be a long-term owner are perhaps directed primarily at myself as opposed to the outside world.

From a financial perspective, my sell decisions demonstrate that whilst it is correct to sell when a flaw in the investment case becomes apparent, it is often not when the valuation appears rich. In all but the broadest strokes, the future is unknown and unknowable. Where I know the company and its people well and, crucially, trust them, the surprises have normally been positive. What appeared at the time to be a high valuation, was not.

The Past

Business Owner started on 30 September 2008 with six investors including me and €10m capital. The annualised return has been 21%. The investor base has grown steadily over time rather than follow a hockey stick distribution characteristic of most successful funds. There have been virtually no redemptions. My best guess is that the majority of investors have done better than 21% p.a. A fortunate few missed the original start date and instead invested at €89.35 on 31 December 2008. When I need help timing the market, I defer to their judgement.

The Present

Today, there are 84 investors in the fund and €221m assets under management (“AUM”). I know all my investors personally and enjoy their company. I see most of them at least once a year, so they can hear from me directly where their money is and why it is there. For the less sophisticated, this is as important as the returns. The fund feels like a club.

A disadvantage of being a one-man show is that it is inherently unscalable – I can only serve a minuscule fraction of all investors. I do not intend to become a multi-man show, so the fund will remain a club. By encouraging a new generation of independent fund managers to emulate my example, I hope the idea of the independent fund manager scales even if AUM does not. My best shot at growing AUM is through performance.

The Future

My story demonstrates that one key activity has driven my development: making investments, learning from them, improving, then repeating. At crucial moments, this meant jettisoning deeply held convictions, such as an exclusive focus on price, the primacy of moat over people, and the avoidance of “Tech” companies.

To have a chance of replicating the past decade’s performance in the new decade, the implication is that I will again, at a few crucial moments, have to jettison beliefs that today seem incontrovertible. By definition, I cannot know what these are. If I did, I would have already got rid of them.

What this means is that virtually every aspect of how I invest is negotiable.

The only non-negotiables are Ben Graham’s three core tenets of value investing – a stock is a part ownership of a business, Mr Market, and pay less than a business is worth – and a fourth tenet: only invest in people I like and trust.

Everything else is fair game: if bonds ever have a real return of 15%, expect me to ditch equities; if slow-growing companies ever appear more attractively priced than fast-growing ones, expect me to ditch compounders; if investment outcomes ever appear less certain, expect me to become less concentrated.

These comments are partly directed at my investors – I do not want anyone to be disappointed if they think they are signing up for one thing and get another. One scolding from Georg is quite enough for an investing lifetime.

Primarily though, they are directed at me. If there is one sure path to mediocrity, it is sitting back and collecting the royalties off prior years’ hits. If I salivate to think about the opportunities in second-line Internet companies five years ago, the spittle is presumably accumulating in everyone else’s mouth too. That accumulation of spittle is an indicator the approach may not work in the next five years.

It’s almost certain I will not be able to replicate the performance of the last 10 years. The fund benefitted from a favourable starting point, the collapse in interest rates (from which I doubly benefitted given that I increasingly shifted the portfolio to companies with longer duration of cash flow), and the fact that my competitors were most likely too focussed on the present state and valuations of companies as opposed to how things might look in the future. None of these factors will benefit the fund in the next ten years.

On the other hand, I note that the fund’s performance in the last 5 years, at 24% p.a., is better than the first 5 years’ 18% p.a. despite a less favourable starting point. It is possible to change and to improve.

Difficult, not impossible.

To Emerging Managers

If you have made it to page 10 of this memo, I am guessing you dream of managing your own fund – my investors dream of feeling sufficiently secure about their money that they do not need to read 10-page memos.

I hope my story serves as an inspiration to go off and start a fund and not feel bound by current conventions. For more concrete thoughts on what this means, I recommend the five-year memo.

Do not be put off by talk about market valuations and record bull markets. The course of the stock market is neither known nor knowable. The best time to start serving other people, if you know what you are doing, is today.

At the close on 30 September 2008, the S&P 500 was going to fall 42% before bottoming on 9 March 2009. Starting before the market almost halves is every newly-minted fund manager’s worst nightmare. From today’s vantage point, it did not matter. In fact, I am glad I did not start on 10 March 2009. If you want to be a great sailor, you do not want to miss the opportunity of a lifetime to test your skills against such an epic storm.

If you are starting today, my advice is to be fully invested, but only to hold the companies you would own if you knew the economy was on the brink of collapse. Incidentally, this is the correct way to invest all the time.

Final words

I was drawn to investing as it seemed to offer an easy path to riches – tot up the net cash on the balance sheet, invest at the widest available discount, return to the beach.

What keeps me in investing is that it offers a difficult path to riches. Finding the best investment is a puzzle that can never be solved as the market relentlessly grinds away inefficiencies whenever and wherever they arise. As a result, any advantage can, by definition, only be temporary. The only way to maintain a lead is through constant learning and constant questioning of previous certainties.

For this reason, I feel reasonably confident that in ten years’ time, if it comes down to factors I can control, there will be a 20-Year Memo.

Best regards,

 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Artista Romeno » 4/7/2018 20:12

pcm1979 Escreveu:Artista Romeno, podes acender a luz deste tópico com um comentário acerca da Osram Licht e DIA? Estou a apanhar porrada nas duas. :oops:

dia está muito exposta ao brasil e argentina e tem amazon e a mercadona a dar lhe porrada em espanha.....é dai, osram litch nao acompanho
As opiniões expressas baseiam-se essencialmente em análise fundamental, e na relação entre o valor de mercado dos ativos e as suas perspectivas futuras de negocio, como tal traduzem uma interpretação pessoal da realidade,devendo como tal apenas serem consideradas como uma perspetiva meramente informativa sobre os ativos em questão, não se constituindo como sugestões firmes de investimento
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por pcm1979 » 2/7/2018 20:03

Artista Romeno, podes acender a luz deste tópico com um comentário acerca da Osram Licht e DIA? Estou a apanhar porrada nas duas. :oops:
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Artista Romeno » 18/4/2018 20:22

hoje deixo um link sobre os 15 pontos a procurar numa boa growth stock http://news.morningstar.com/classroom2/ ... 662&page=3
vitoria secret tem um outlook mt mau, ficava de fora :-k
As opiniões expressas baseiam-se essencialmente em análise fundamental, e na relação entre o valor de mercado dos ativos e as suas perspectivas futuras de negocio, como tal traduzem uma interpretação pessoal da realidade,devendo como tal apenas serem consideradas como uma perspetiva meramente informativa sobre os ativos em questão, não se constituindo como sugestões firmes de investimento
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por pcm79 » 20/3/2018 18:32

O que acham de investir nelas com força? Nas LBrands, pois claro 8-)

LBrands, a empresa de sonho.jpg
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por pcm79 » 9/3/2018 12:51

Manter BRF? Aqui fica um vídeo interessante...
http://www.infomoney.com.br/brfsa/notic ... -acoes-brf
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Beruno » 6/3/2018 14:18

O que acham desta?? SALMAR ASA
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por pcm79 » 5/3/2018 12:11

Artista Romeno Escreveu:
pcm79 Escreveu:Espero que o calvário da SWN tenha acabado, parece que os resultados foram bons mas mesmo assim ainda estou no vermelho.
O Buffet diz que é dificil encontrar empresas de valor? Caramba, a Ford tem PER baixo, boa situação financeira, paga dividendo trimestral, o que lhe falta?

talvez, mas como está a ford nos carros electricos? se estiver atrasada nao é value, se nao é, mas esse setor tem pers baixos por ser mt ciclico, o que nao invalida que seja uma boa ou ma aposta, nao acompanho


Se for Goodyear, já acompanhas? é parecida... http://www.4-traders.com/GOODYEAR-TIRE- ... trategies/
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Artista Romeno » 3/3/2018 12:53

pcm79 Escreveu:Espero que o calvário da SWN tenha acabado, parece que os resultados foram bons mas mesmo assim ainda estou no vermelho.
O Buffet diz que é dificil encontrar empresas de valor? Caramba, a Ford tem PER baixo, boa situação financeira, paga dividendo trimestral, o que lhe falta?

talvez, mas como está a ford nos carros electricos? se estiver atrasada nao é value, se nao é, mas esse setor tem pers baixos por ser mt ciclico, o que nao invalida que seja uma boa ou ma aposta, nao acompanho
As opiniões expressas baseiam-se essencialmente em análise fundamental, e na relação entre o valor de mercado dos ativos e as suas perspectivas futuras de negocio, como tal traduzem uma interpretação pessoal da realidade,devendo como tal apenas serem consideradas como uma perspetiva meramente informativa sobre os ativos em questão, não se constituindo como sugestões firmes de investimento
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por pcm79 » 3/3/2018 11:22

Espero que o calvário da SWN tenha acabado, parece que os resultados foram bons mas mesmo assim ainda estou no vermelho.
O Buffet diz que é dificil encontrar empresas de valor? Caramba, a Ford tem PER baixo, boa situação financeira, paga dividendo trimestral, o que lhe falta?
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Beruno » 25/2/2018 21:08

Ha uma noticia do ano passado que eles tentaram ir a umas propostas de venda de utilities e nao conseguiram nenhuma. La ta, ha muita gente interessada em yield a qualquer preço, e eles, buffet e munger nao tao dispostos a isso
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental-o fim da festa?

por Eurobrexit » 25/2/2018 14:27

Artista Romeno Escreveu:será que vem ai o fim da festa :mrgreen: muita gente contente com tesla amazon nflx e porcarias que tais, mas a verdade e que o buffet nao comprou nada ou quase nada https://www.reuters.com/article/us-berk ... SKCN1G80N1 , o ano passado, motivo tudo muito caro!
:arrow: "In his annual letter to Berkshire shareholders, Buffett said finding things to buy at a “sensible purchase price” has become a challenge and is a major reason Berkshire is awash with $116 billion of low-yielding cash and government bonds."
"hy the purchasing frenzy? In part, it’s because the CEO job self-selects for “can-do” types. If Wall Street
analysts or board members urge that brand of CEO to consider possible acquisitions, it’s a bit like telling your ripening
teenager to be sure to have a normal sex life.
Once a CEO hungers for a deal, he or she will never lack for forecasts that justify the purchase. Subordinates
will be cheering, envisioning enlarged domains and the compensation levels that typically increase with corporate
size. Investment bankers, smelling huge fees, will be applauding as well. (Don’t ask the barber whether you need a
haircut.) If the historical performance of the target falls short of validating its acquisition, large “synergies” will be
forecast. Spreadsheets never disappoint.
The ample availability of extraordinarily cheap debt in 2017 further fueled purchase activity. After all, even
a high-priced deal will usually boost per-share earnings if it is debt-financed. At Berkshire, in contrast, we evaluate
acquisitions on an all-equity basis, knowing that our taste for overall debt is very low and that to assign a large portion
of our debt to any individual business would generally be fallacious (leaving aside certain exceptions, such as debt
dedicated to Clayton’s lending portfolio or to the fixed-asset commitments at our regulated utilities). We also never
factor in, nor do we often find, synergies."
"Buffett also warned long-term investors including pension funds, college endowments and “savings-minded individuals” that even with U.S. stock prices near record highs, it would be a “terrible mistake” to assume bonds are safer.

“Often, high-grade bonds in an investment portfolio increase its risk,” he wrote.

:arrow: Charlie and I view the marketable common stocks that Berkshire owns as interests in businesses, not as ticker
symbols to be bought or sold based on their “chart” patterns, the “target” prices of analysts or the opinions of media
pundits. Instead, we simply believe that if the businesses of the investees are successful (as we believe most will be)
our investments will be successful as well. Sometimes the payoffs to us will be modest; occasionally the cash register
will ring loudly. And sometimes I will make expensive mistakes. Overall – and over time – we should get decent
results. In America, equity investors have the wind at their back.
From our stock portfolio – call our holdings “minority interests” in a diversified group of publicly-owned
businesses – Berkshire received $3.7 billion of dividends in 2017. That’s the number included in our GAAP figures,
as well as in the “operating earnings” we reference in our quarterly and annual reports.
That dividend figure, however, far understates the “true” earnings emanating from our stock holdings. For
decades, we have stated in Principle 6 of our “Owner-Related Business Principles” (page 19) that we expect
undistributed earnings of our investees to deliver us at least equivalent earnings by way of subsequent capital gains.
Our recognition of capital gains (and losses) will be lumpy, particularly as we conform with the new GAAP
rule requiring us to constantly record unrealized gains or losses in our earnings. I feel confident, however, that the
earnings retained by our investees will over time, and with our investees viewed as a group, translate into
commensurate capital gains for Berkshire.
The connection of value-building to retained earnings that I’ve just described will be impossible to detect in
the short term. Stocks surge and swoon, seemingly untethered to any year-to-year buildup in their underlying value.
Over time, however, Ben Graham’s oft-quoted maxim proves true: “In the short run, the market is a voting machine;
in the long run, however, it becomes a weighing machine.”
************
Berkshire, itself, provides some vivid examples of how price randomness in the short term can obscure longterm
growth in value. For the last 53 years, the company has built value by reinvesting its earnings and letting
compound interest work its magic. Year by year, we have moved forward. Yet Berkshire shares have suffered four
truly major dips. Here are the gory details:
Period High Low Percentage Decrease
March 1973-January 1975 93 38 (59.1%)
10/2/87-10/27/87 4,250 2,675 (37.1%)
6/19/98-3/10/2000 80,900 41,300 (48.9%)
9/19/08-3/5/09 147,000 72,400 (50.7%)
This table offers the strongest argument I can muster against ever using borrowed money to own stocks.
There is simply no telling how far stocks can fall in a short period. Even if your borrowings are small and your
positions aren’t immediately threatened by the plunging market, your mind may well become rattled by scary headlines
and breathless commentary. And an unsettled mind will not make good decisions.
Bottom line para investor as business owner these are difficult times to find value.... eu diria um valente a aviso á navegação :-k



100% ON IT
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental-o fim da festa?

por Artista Romeno » 24/2/2018 20:15

será que vem ai o fim da festa :mrgreen: muita gente contente com tesla amazon nflx e porcarias que tais, mas a verdade e que o buffet nao comprou nada ou quase nada https://www.reuters.com/article/us-berk ... SKCN1G80N1 , o ano passado, motivo tudo muito caro!
:arrow: "In his annual letter to Berkshire shareholders, Buffett said finding things to buy at a “sensible purchase price” has become a challenge and is a major reason Berkshire is awash with $116 billion of low-yielding cash and government bonds."
"hy the purchasing frenzy? In part, it’s because the CEO job self-selects for “can-do” types. If Wall Street
analysts or board members urge that brand of CEO to consider possible acquisitions, it’s a bit like telling your ripening
teenager to be sure to have a normal sex life.
Once a CEO hungers for a deal, he or she will never lack for forecasts that justify the purchase. Subordinates
will be cheering, envisioning enlarged domains and the compensation levels that typically increase with corporate
size. Investment bankers, smelling huge fees, will be applauding as well. (Don’t ask the barber whether you need a
haircut.) If the historical performance of the target falls short of validating its acquisition, large “synergies” will be
forecast. Spreadsheets never disappoint.
The ample availability of extraordinarily cheap debt in 2017 further fueled purchase activity. After all, even
a high-priced deal will usually boost per-share earnings if it is debt-financed. At Berkshire, in contrast, we evaluate
acquisitions on an all-equity basis, knowing that our taste for overall debt is very low and that to assign a large portion
of our debt to any individual business would generally be fallacious (leaving aside certain exceptions, such as debt
dedicated to Clayton’s lending portfolio or to the fixed-asset commitments at our regulated utilities). We also never
factor in, nor do we often find, synergies."
"Buffett also warned long-term investors including pension funds, college endowments and “savings-minded individuals” that even with U.S. stock prices near record highs, it would be a “terrible mistake” to assume bonds are safer.

“Often, high-grade bonds in an investment portfolio increase its risk,” he wrote.

:arrow: Charlie and I view the marketable common stocks that Berkshire owns as interests in businesses, not as ticker
symbols to be bought or sold based on their “chart” patterns, the “target” prices of analysts or the opinions of media
pundits. Instead, we simply believe that if the businesses of the investees are successful (as we believe most will be)
our investments will be successful as well. Sometimes the payoffs to us will be modest; occasionally the cash register
will ring loudly. And sometimes I will make expensive mistakes. Overall – and over time – we should get decent
results. In America, equity investors have the wind at their back.
From our stock portfolio – call our holdings “minority interests” in a diversified group of publicly-owned
businesses – Berkshire received $3.7 billion of dividends in 2017. That’s the number included in our GAAP figures,
as well as in the “operating earnings” we reference in our quarterly and annual reports.
That dividend figure, however, far understates the “true” earnings emanating from our stock holdings. For
decades, we have stated in Principle 6 of our “Owner-Related Business Principles” (page 19) that we expect
undistributed earnings of our investees to deliver us at least equivalent earnings by way of subsequent capital gains.
Our recognition of capital gains (and losses) will be lumpy, particularly as we conform with the new GAAP
rule requiring us to constantly record unrealized gains or losses in our earnings. I feel confident, however, that the
earnings retained by our investees will over time, and with our investees viewed as a group, translate into
commensurate capital gains for Berkshire.
The connection of value-building to retained earnings that I’ve just described will be impossible to detect in
the short term. Stocks surge and swoon, seemingly untethered to any year-to-year buildup in their underlying value.
Over time, however, Ben Graham’s oft-quoted maxim proves true: “In the short run, the market is a voting machine;
in the long run, however, it becomes a weighing machine.”
************
Berkshire, itself, provides some vivid examples of how price randomness in the short term can obscure longterm
growth in value. For the last 53 years, the company has built value by reinvesting its earnings and letting
compound interest work its magic. Year by year, we have moved forward. Yet Berkshire shares have suffered four
truly major dips. Here are the gory details:
Period High Low Percentage Decrease
March 1973-January 1975 93 38 (59.1%)
10/2/87-10/27/87 4,250 2,675 (37.1%)
6/19/98-3/10/2000 80,900 41,300 (48.9%)
9/19/08-3/5/09 147,000 72,400 (50.7%)
This table offers the strongest argument I can muster against ever using borrowed money to own stocks.
There is simply no telling how far stocks can fall in a short period. Even if your borrowings are small and your
positions aren’t immediately threatened by the plunging market, your mind may well become rattled by scary headlines
and breathless commentary. And an unsettled mind will not make good decisions.
Bottom line para investor as business owner these are difficult times to find value.... eu diria um valente a aviso á navegação :-k
As opiniões expressas baseiam-se essencialmente em análise fundamental, e na relação entre o valor de mercado dos ativos e as suas perspectivas futuras de negocio, como tal traduzem uma interpretação pessoal da realidade,devendo como tal apenas serem consideradas como uma perspetiva meramente informativa sobre os ativos em questão, não se constituindo como sugestões firmes de investimento
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por pcm79 » 22/1/2018 12:05

Artista Romeno Escreveu:[mas a SWN em conversa com um amigo, pareceu me que se o petroleo aguentar a subida pode ter potencial, isto apenas do olhar para as contas, agora não conheço nem sei avaliar os ativos produtores


Acho que ela depende mais do gás natural, mas posso estar enganado.
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Artista Romeno » 22/1/2018 11:51

FredericoRocha Escreveu:No inicio do ano por acaso estive a olhar para o gráfico da Southwestern Energy, mas acabei por gostar mais da California Resources Corporation. Dá uma vista de olhos porque parece-me que a CRC está com melhor aspecto que a SWN.

isto é uma opinião muito limitada, porque oil& gas não é o meu foco, mas a SWN em conversa com um amigo, pareceu me que se o petroleo aguentar a subida pode ter potencial, isto apenas do olhar para as contas, agora não conheço nem sei avaliar os ativos produtores
As opiniões expressas baseiam-se essencialmente em análise fundamental, e na relação entre o valor de mercado dos ativos e as suas perspectivas futuras de negocio, como tal traduzem uma interpretação pessoal da realidade,devendo como tal apenas serem consideradas como uma perspetiva meramente informativa sobre os ativos em questão, não se constituindo como sugestões firmes de investimento
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por FredericoRocha » 20/1/2018 22:33

No inicio do ano por acaso estive a olhar para o gráfico da Southwestern Energy, mas acabei por gostar mais da California Resources Corporation. Dá uma vista de olhos porque parece-me que a CRC está com melhor aspecto que a SWN.
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por pcm79 » 20/1/2018 12:05

Tenho SOUTHWESTERN ENERGY CO (US8454671095) em carteira, é mesmo a minha maior posição neste momento. Agora que já comprei é que venho cá perguntar o que pensas da empresa. :| A compra é baseada em AF e AT, mas pode sempre correr mal no curto prazo.

http://www.4-traders.com/SOUTHWESTERN-E ... inancials/

https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/ ... lights/SWN

swn.jpg
Meu Preço Médio 5,22 usd
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por Artista Romeno » 18/1/2018 13:50

safita Escreveu:
Artista Romeno Escreveu:Safita,

está correto de facto, lucro/( Dividendo* Numero de ações em circulação)
Artista Romeno Escreveu: deverás também olhar para o cash flow, e fazer ( CFO-CAPEX-Juros)/( Dividendo* Numero de ações em circulação)


No caso de GALP que descrevi acima o valor dá-me 0.2479. O que significa?

Artista Romeno Escreveu: deverás também olhar para o cash flow, e fazer ( CFO-CAPEX-Juros)/( Dividendo* Numero de ações em circulação)

O que é o CFO e o CAPEX?
Este calculo representa o que?


Na galp o lucro de 2016 foi impactado pela baixa do oil e em 2015 também pelo que o dividendo foi superior ao lucro o que normalmente é mau, no entanto a galp nao tem muita divida, depois da venda da participação á sinopec no brazil há uns anos atrás, ainda assim é como na generalidade das cotadas nacionais um dividendo agressivo, sem margem de duvida, mas com a subida do oil o resultado deste ano já deve ser mais em linha
CFO- cash flow das atividades operacionais, Capex-investimento em ativos fixos tangiveis e intangiveis
As opiniões expressas baseiam-se essencialmente em análise fundamental, e na relação entre o valor de mercado dos ativos e as suas perspectivas futuras de negocio, como tal traduzem uma interpretação pessoal da realidade,devendo como tal apenas serem consideradas como uma perspetiva meramente informativa sobre os ativos em questão, não se constituindo como sugestões firmes de investimento
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por pcm79 » 18/1/2018 13:36

Artista Romeno Escreveu:A H&M, tem andado a meter a pata na argola, e a ultima foi o escanda-lo do racismo, e os resultados operacionais estão em queda ligeira, é esperar pelo annual report, mas eles tão a ser comidos pela inditex e pelo online é o que me parece :-k vejo mesmo alguns mercados chave com performances mediocres..... esperaria pela existencia de uma inversao operacional clara


A inditex está bem mais cara do que a H&M, não sei se a diferença se justifica.
 
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Re: O Be Ah Ba de Analise Fundamental

por safita » 18/1/2018 13:04

Artista Romeno Escreveu:Safita,

está correto de facto, lucro/( Dividendo* Numero de ações em circulação)
Artista Romeno Escreveu: deverás também olhar para o cash flow, e fazer ( CFO-CAPEX-Juros)/( Dividendo* Numero de ações em circulação)


No caso de GALP que descrevi acima o valor dá-me 0.2479. O que significa?

Artista Romeno Escreveu: deverás também olhar para o cash flow, e fazer ( CFO-CAPEX-Juros)/( Dividendo* Numero de ações em circulação)

O que é o CFO e o CAPEX?
Este calculo representa o que?
 
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Registado: 19/10/2012 9:39
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